GMD, GMR and Waterfall Charts
Waterfall charts are useful tools in design when there is a very wide range of possibilities and that something needs to be done. A good example of this is cable …
Complex MVA Method
I have started a multi-part tutorial on Complex MVA Method. Part 1 presented the equations that we will be using for the Complex MA Method. This tutorial will be a …
High Impedance Differential Busbar Protection
In a review of the Overal 22 kV Single Line Diagram of a project, it was pointed out by one of the reviewers the absence of a busbar protection (i.e. …
IEC 60076-5 Transformer Impedances
IEC 60076-5:2000 Power transformers – Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit recommends a minimum impedance for transformers. Unlike other standards such as the IEEE or AS which recommends typical …
Where has the Technorat Gone?
I have been on the job market sometime back as I felt that the company I was working with is not promoting the advancement of the Technocrat. All professional developments …
Grounded or Grounding Conductors
The NEC and PEC define and identify grounded conductor and grounding conductor differently. To understand better, here are the definitions on these electrical codes: Definitions: Grounded Conductor. A system or …