Importance of Basic Engineering Knowledge
Technology advancement is a known fact. Hand held computers are now more powerful than the super computers 3-4 decades ago. Software technology have produced tools that provide a solution to …
Technical Query – Raise Only When You Know What You Are Doing
A technical query (TQ) is a document containing a question or questions which is raised by the contractor to their client. It is a contractual document which requires a formal …
Determining the required sizes of earthing conductors and earth electrodes
The sizes of earth conductors and earth electrodes are almost always chosen from typical sizes as provided by a particular project standard. If using non-typical sizes can extensively impact the …
The Purpose of Maximum and Minimum Short-circuit Currents
The calculation of maximum and minimum short circuit currents has been discussed in IEC 60909 – Calculation of Maximum and Minimum Short-circuit Currents. What are the significance of these values? …
Circuit Breaker Ratings – A Primer for Protection Engineers
This paper prepared by Bogdan Kasztenny, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc., and Joe Rostron, Southern States, LLC which was presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers and can …
Tolerable Risk – IEC 62305-2
In performing risk assessment as an essential step in the application of IEC 62305, the calculated risk of loss due to lightning shall be below the tolerable level. Tolerable risk …