Electrical Protective Devices and Their Applications
Deciding on what protective devices need to be used in an application is a difficult task unless you are doing electrical protection as your profession. An appendix of this standard …
Complex MVA Method
I have started a multi-part tutorial on Complex MVA Method. Part 1 presented the equations that we will be using for the Complex MA Method. This tutorial will be a …
Coping up With Technology
Electrical Management Systems, IEC 61850 or Smart MCC are just some technologies which are considered to be new as they were just introduced in less than a decade or so …
High Impedance Differential Busbar Protection
In a review of the Overal 22 kV Single Line Diagram of a project, it was pointed out by one of the reviewers the absence of a busbar protection (i.e. …
IEC 60076-5 Transformer Impedances
IEC 60076-5:2000 Power transformers – Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit recommends a minimum impedance for transformers. Unlike other standards such as the IEEE or AS which recommends typical …
Transformer K-factor Rating and Variable Speed Drives
In this article, I have discussed the difference between a conventional transformer and a K-factor rated transformer. In modern day plants, Variable Speed Drives (VSD) are widely used. The project …