Conductor Stranding – IEEE vs IEC Standards
Note: A conductor size expressed in mm² shall be IEC standard and sizes in AWG or kcmil shall be IEEE standard. I. Introduction Conductors may be either solid or stranded. …
Concept Selection or FEED – The Distinction
The Concept Selection stage is not a FEED stage. Looking at the right perspective, Concept Selection is a precursor to FEED. The danger of not having the distinction of these …
IEC 61439-1 Minimum Size for PE, PEN Conductors
Background In 2010, the new standard IEC 61439 series was published to replace the IEC 60439 series. The purpose of the IEC 61439 series of standards is to harmonize as …
Compliance to Statutory Laws
I was reminded of this article which I have written about two (2) years ago when I attended some product presentations about variable speed drives. What catch my attention most …
Three Elements of Good Engineering Design
Practically, all engineering design problems require three (3) elements to come up with a complete solution. 1. Measurable Elements. These elements can be determined with exactness. Example – material costs, …
GMD, GMR and Waterfall Charts
Waterfall charts are useful tools in design when there is a very wide range of possibilities and that something needs to be done. A good example of this is cable …