Lightning Strike Damage and Losses – IEC 62305
IEC 62305 identifies four main sources of damage: S1 Flashes to the structure mechanical damage, fire and/or explosion due to the hot lightning plasma arc, over-heated conductors or melted metal; …
Steel Structure used as Lightning Protection System (LPS)
The design of a Lightning Protection System (LPS) should be technically and economically optimized. Clause 4.2 Design of the LPS in IEC 62305-3 – Protection against lightning Part 3: Physical …
Calculating Flash Protection Boundary Distances
In NFPA 70E, the short-circuit symmetrical ampacity from a bolted 3-phase fault at the transformer terminals is calculated with the following formula: where Isc = Amperes, V = Volts, %Z …
Philippines Economic Outlook 2020 and Overseas Filipino Workers
The economy of the Philippines based on Economic Forecasts – 2019-2021 Outlook indicate an levelled economy relative to 2019. Trade deficit will increase by 25%. Foreign exchange rate will increase …
Effects of harmonics on Electrical Equipment
Harmonic distort the fundamental frequency of the mains voltage waveform which affects the performance of other electrical equipment and creates additional losses and heating. A total harmonic voltage distortion of …
Resistance of a Single Earth Electrode
The resistance of a single earth can be calculated if the soil resistivity is known. An earth rod driven vertically, the electrode resistance can be calculated using the following formula. …