Conductor Stranding – IEEE vs IEC Standards
Note: A conductor size expressed in mm² shall be IEC standard and sizes in AWG or kcmil shall be IEEE standard. I. Introduction Conductors may be either solid or stranded. …
Explosive Atmospheres – ANSI/ISA/UL/NFPA
In late 2009, the International Society of Automation (ISA) and Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated (UL) jointly issued ANSI/ISA 60079-0 Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General Requirements which is a …
IEC 61439-1 Minimum Size for PE, PEN Conductors
Background In 2010, the new standard IEC 61439 series was published to replace the IEC 60439 series. The purpose of the IEC 61439 series of standards is to harmonize as …
Compliance to Statutory Laws
I was reminded of this article which I have written about two (2) years ago when I attended some product presentations about variable speed drives. What catch my attention most …
Electrical Protective Devices and Their Applications
Deciding on what protective devices need to be used in an application is a difficult task unless you are doing electrical protection as your profession. An appendix of this standard …
PEC Requirement for Ground-Fault Protection
The Philippine Electrical Code 2009 edition have mentioned Ground-Fault Protection or sometimes Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter Protection in the following articles: Article 2.10 Branch Circuits 2.10.1.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. …