Calculating Utility Source Impedance
This article will illustrate the basic theory of calculating a utility source impedance from fault data provided by power providers. Utility fault levels are usually expressed in MVA or Amperes …
Low Voltage Fuses Applications
Despite the advancement of re-settable circuit protection devices, fuses are here to stay. In some applications, fuses are irreplaceable particularly in high current limiting or fast fault-current interruption applications. Fuses …
High Voltage Switchgear Internal Arc Fault
IEC 62271-200 Clause 8.104 states that if the switchgear is installed, operated and maintained according to the instructions of the manufacturer, there should be less probability that internal arc occurs. …
Concept Selection or Detail Design
Which do you like better “Concept Selection” or “Detail Design”? I was once asked this question in one of my job interviews. To understand this discussion better, we need to …
A Junction Box Is Required
In this article, I mentioned that a small change in the later stages of the project execution has a massive impact in cost and schedule. Another good example is what …
Vendor Dirty Tactic
In some projects, particularly those that are fast-tracked, the equipment procurement process are likewise expedited. Long-lead equipment procurement are normally initiated during the early phase of the project where there …