IEC Equipment Voltages
There are two (2) voltage levels used in IEC, low voltage ( < 1000 V ) and high voltage ( > 1000 V ). Medium voltage, inspite being oftenly used …
10 Reasons to Use Per unit
In the advent of computers, per unit or percent methods of calculations simplify short circuit calculations. J. Lewis Blackburn and Thomas J. Domin, in their book Protective Relaying, Principles and …
Dealing with Worker’s Alibis
It’s not unusual to find someone in the work place who tries to always find an excuse for not doing his tasks. I was not spared with those types of …
Once an Engineer, Always an Engineer
In my more than three (3) decades of working with different companies in different countries dealing with different people from different countries, I always find that the saying once an …
IEEE and IEC Interface
A project dealing only with either IEEE or IEC standards is not an issue. If there will be mix standards within a single project, then compliance becomes an issue. In …
Advantages of Per Unit and Percent Calculations
Power System analysis software are very expensive beyond the reach of small and medium enterprises. The only option, when fault analysis is required, is to perform calculations manually using available …